Did you know that if you postpone claiming Social Security past your full retirement age, you have the option of receiving a lump-sum payment for up to six months of benefits when you finally apply?

Receiving retroactive benefits in a lump sum might be helpful if you face a change in health or need cash in an emergency. However, you'll want to think through the consequences, because taking an initial lump sum will reduce your monthly Social Security retirement benefit for the rest of your life.

For example, let's say your full retirement age is 67, and your full retirement benefit would be $2,400. You decide to wait to apply for Social Security. By waiting past full retirement age, you earn delayed retirement credits that will increase your benefit by 8% per year, up to age 70. You apply for retirement benefits at age 67 and 6 months. Your benefit is now $2,496, due to the delayed retirement credits you've earned, 4% higher than at age 67.

If you opt to take benefits retroactively in a lump sum, your official Social Security start date and the amount of your monthly benefit will be rolled back by six months, and you will lose six months of delayed retirement credits. Your lump-sum benefit will be based on your age 67 benefit, so you will receive $14,400 ($2,400 x 6) — a sizeable amount. The downside is that your ongoing monthly benefits will be permanently reduced.

In this example, because you received a lump-sum payment for six months of benefits, your ongoing monthly benefit will be 4% lower for the rest of your life.

Factors to consider when deciding if you should take retroactive benefits include your life expectancy and whether you have a greater need for immediate funds or ongoing retirement income. If you're married, your decision might affect future benefits paid to your surviving spouse, because these will be based on what you were receiving. There may also be tax consequences.

There's no single "right" time to claim Social Security retirement benefits. Knowing that you have the option to claim retroactive benefits any time after you reach full retirement age and before age 70 might help lessen the pressure of trying to perfectly time your decision.

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